PDF문서09. Three dimensional rigid ball driving system.pdf

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09

Korea Aerospace Research Institute  Promising Technologies for Commercialization

Outline of Technology

TLO of the KARI

Person-in-charge

Senior Administrator Moon-Hee, Cho

E-mail : moonyxp@kari.re.kr
R&D Performance Diffusion Division 

Three 
Dimensional 
Rigid Ball driving 
System

A three dimensional rigid ball actuation system is a 
new concept of next generation actuator that can be 
replaced with the conventional general actuator used 
for attitude control and momentum storage, and is 
capable of accurately controlling the orientation in a 
three-axis direction by rotating a spherical fly wheel 
in a desired direction.

■ Problems of conventional art

• A conventional actuator operates in a manner of 

generating a single axis control torque, and requires at 

least three actuators to control an attitude of a satellite 
in a three-axis (X, y and Z) direction.

•  Since a plurality of actuators are used for the purpose 

of three-axis attitude control, there are problems with 
an increase in costs, volume and weight, and ensuring 
technical/economic competitiveness of a satellite shall 
be taken into account.

Rigid ball driving system for controlling attitude of satellite

Inventor

Senior Researcher Kim, Dae-Kwan

Team

Satellite Control Team

Status of right

• US : 9751644

• JP :  6023326

Title

•  THREE-DIMENSIONAL RIGID BALL DRIVING 

  SySTEM 

•  THREE-DIMENSIONAL RIGID BALL DRIVING SySTEM 

Technical features and 

advantages

Distinctiveness

• A single actuator enables three-axis control of 

a satellite, and thus lightweight, small in size 
and a reduction in cost can be implemented.


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Lab-scale basic performance verification

Technical Readiness Level

TRL 1

TRL 2

TRL 5

TRL 6

TRL 7

TRL 8

TRL 9

TRL 4

Technical features and advantages

Technical detail

TRL 3

Technical effects
•  A torque generated by Lorentz’s force between a rotating magnetic field and an induced current is 

used for a spherical (3D) fly wheel. 

• The spherical fly wheel can rotate in a three dimensional direction, and a torque in a three-axis 

direction is generated.

• Analysis of driving characteristics through design and manufacturing of a one-dimensional 

spherical actuator model and performance test

3D Rotation Driving System


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09

Technical detail

Three 

Dimensional 

Rigid Ball driving 

System

•  Design of 3D spherical actuator and interpretation of speed 

control (S/W), and development of 3D spherical actuator 
test products (H/W)

Internal/External Configuration

Segway (conceptual diagram)

Application example


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•  CNG is employed to substitute the conventional actuator for controlling an attitude of a satellite.
• This technology has been drawing an increasing amount of attention as the next generation 

attitude control actuator covering the field of space and underwater robotics, vessels, flight, 

precision motors as well as small satellites.

Applications

Market and future prospect

For the next 10 years from 2013 to 2022, the U.S., Russia, Europe (France and Italy), Japan, China, 
India, and Israel are capable of operating low earth orbit and geostationary orbit launch vehicle, 

and launch vehicles that have been operated and under development by the countries are 46. The 
launch vehicle market size is estimated to produce 739 vehicles, and to reach a sales of fifty-eight 
billion, four hundred million, nine hundred twenty thousand USD for the next 10 years.

Estimate of demand for launching a satellite for the next 10 years

Identification

2003~2012

2013~2022

Increase/decrease

Number of launching satellite

809 satellites

1,151 satellites

+42%

Total weight of 

launched satellites

1,824 tons

2,397 tons

+31%

Satellite market

142 billion UDS

1,81 billion UDS

+27%

Launching service market

45 billion USD

55 billion UDS

+23%

Sum of satellite + 

launching service markets

187 billion USD

2,36 billion UDS

+26%