mecㆍviewer v1.5 :: Annual Report 2024.pdf

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Preface
Highlights of the Year
R&D Activities
Education & Public Outreach

About KARI

Overview
History
Organizational Chart
Facilities

Appendix

PRESIDENT’S GREETINGS

President of the Korea Aerospace Research Institute

Sangchul LEE

We are honored to announce the publication of the Korea

Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)'s Annual Report 2024,

and I would like to express my sincere gratitude to everyone

who contributed to its preparation.

KARI publishes an annual report each year that provides a

comprehensive overview of the research and development

(R&D) achievements harvested over the past year. This report

is not only a record of KARI's R&D accomplishments, but

also a vivid chronicle of our journey of challenge towards the

skies and space, and a living history of the advancement of

aerospace R&D in Korea.

Every page of this report is imbued with the passion and

dedication of KARI's researchers, who strive for greater

heights and deeper space, and bears the footprints of their

journey toward making Korea a leading aerospace nation.

From the moment you open the first page, you will witness

the frontlines of Korea's aerospace R&D, and by the time you

close the last page, you will glimpse a bright future as we move

toward becoming a global aerospace powerhouse.

As Korea's national aerospace research institute, KARI

remained steadfast in 2024 in its commitment to driving

national progress through the development of aerospace

technologies, focusing on challenging and pioneering R&D.

We also made great efforts to advance the domestic aerospace

industry by expanding cooperation with industry, academia,

and research organizations.

Thanks to the support of relevant ministries, collaboration

with industry, and, above all, the enthusiastic encouragement

of the public, KARI was able to achieve meaningful results in

2024 on the path to becoming a global aerospace leader.

Together with the Korea AeroSpace Administration (KASA),

we laid the groundwork and drew up the blueprint to realize

Korea's vision of becoming one of the world's top five aerospace

nations and to industrialize the aerospace sector as a national

growth engine. We have steadily advanced Korea Launch

Vehicle (KSLV-II) Enhancement Program and launched Next

Generation Launch Vehicle (KSLV-III) Development Program,

which will carry our lunar lander into space.

In addition, all preparations have been completed for the

launches of KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellites (KOMPSAT) 6

and 7, and we are faithfully fulfilling our mission of overseeing

and managing Next Generation medium-sized Satellite

Development Program. In the aviation sector, we accelerated

ground testing of stratospheric drone for disaster monitoring

and the establishment of the Korean Positioning System (KPS).

We also embarked on the second phase of the lunar exploration

program, conducted the Critial Design Review (CDR) for

Communication, Ocean and Meterological Satellite (COMS)

3, designed the extended mission for the lunar orbiter Danuri,

supported the establishment of the 3rd Comprehensive Plan

for Satellite Information Utilization, and carried out the first

phase of integrated operational demonstrations for the Korean

Urban Air Mobility (K-UAM) Grand Challenge.

On the international front, we jointly conducted a feasibility

study on the establishment of spaceport in Mexico, supported

the signing of a joint statement of intent for Cooperation

on Aerospace Activities between KASA and NASA, and

participated in the 21st ITU Resolution 609 Consultation

Meeting to promote frequency coordination with major

spacefaring countries.

We will not rest on these achievements. KARI will continue to

do its utmost this year to achieve the goal of joining the world’s

top five aerospace nations and to meet the expectations of the

nation.

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to everyone who

dedicated themselves to the publication of the 2024 English

Annual Report. Looking forward to an even more fruitful

Annual Report in 2025, we will continue to write new pages in

the history of Korea's aerospace R&D.

Thank you.

May 2025

Annual Report 2024

Preface

HIGHLIGHTS OF

THE YEAR

Initiation of Lunar Lander Development Program

Danuri-Extended Mission Operations, Scientific

Data Release, and Planning of Second Extended

Mission

Integrated Operational Demonstration of K-UAM

Grand Challenge Phase 1

Successful Launch of the Second KASS Satellite and

Service Plans

Support for Establishing the 3rd Comprehensive

Plan for Satellite Information Utilization

Hosting of and Participation in the 21st ITU-R

Resolution 609 Consultation Meeting

Support for the Signing of the KASA-NASA Joint

Statement on Space and Aeronautics Cooperation

Joint Feasibility Study on Establishment of

Spaceport in Mexico

Highlights of the Year

Annual Report 2024

Initiation of Lunar Lander
Development Program

In accordance with national R&D policy, the Korea Aerospace
Research  Institute  (KARI)  signed  an  agreement  with  the
Korea  AeroSpace  Administration  (KASA)  in  October  2024
and  commenced  the  development  of  a  lunar  lander.  As  the
lead  research  and  development  institution  for  this  program-
designated  as  an  “Innovative  and  Challenging  R&D  Project
(APRO)” aimed at securing national competitiveness through
ambitious  and  innovative  operations-KARI  will  acquire
essential  lunar  landing  and  surface  exploration  technologies
and strengthen its capabilities to participate in future lunar-
based space economic activities.

Securing core technologies for soft landing

and lunar surface exploration is essential for

expanding the realm of sustainable space

exploration and establishing independent

space exploration capabilities.

Through the lunar lander development project,

KARI aims to further advance navigation

technology, newly develop key technologies

for powered descent and soft landing on the

lunar surface (Including navigation and control,

propulsion systems, structural systems, and

landing technology verification), and pursue

the acquisition of mobility technologies for

movement and exploration on the lunar and

planetary surfaces.

Danuri-Extended Mission
Operations, Scientific Data
Release, and Planning of Second
Extended Mission

Danuri (Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter, KPLO), Korea’s first
lunar orbiter, successfully entered lunar orbit on December 27,
2022, and its journey of lunar exploration continues. In April
2023, Danuri’s mission was extended by approximately two
years from the original plan, with the first extension set to
conclude on December 31, 2025. As of December 2024, Danuri is

maintaining a polar orbit at an altitude of 100±30 km above the
lunar surface, conducting a variety of lunar science observations
and technology demonstration missions.

To maintain its target mission orbit, Danuri performed a total of
seven Orbit Maintenance Maneuvers (OMMs) throughout 2024.
Additionally, to avoid collisions with other satellites currently
orbiting the Moon, Danuri executed three Collision Avoidance
Maneuvers (CAMs). Through Korea Deep Space Antenna and
NASA’s Deep Space Network, Danuri maintains regular ground
communications  (about  180  sessions  per  month),  successfully
receiving  scientific  payload  observation  data-amounting  to
approximately 290 GBytes per month. Scientific data collected
using  Danuri’s  payloads  are  made  publicly  available  via  the
KPDS (KARI Planetary Data System), with around 17,000 data
sets released by the end of 2024, contributing to a wide range of
scientific achievements.

In July 2024, the annual meeting of among scientists involved
in  Danuri’s  mission,  including  those  from  NASA,  was  held
at  BEXCO  in  Busan,  where  in-depth  discussions  focused  on
maximizing  scientific  outcomes  from  the  Danuri  mission.  In
December  2024,  to  mark  the  second  anniversary  of  Danuri’s
lunar  orbit  insertion,  a  science  concert  was  held  in  Seoul,
sharing scientific results with the public and helping to spread
lunar science culture.

Photo of Mare Tranquilitatis Pit taken with Danuri's Lunar Terrain

Imager (LUTI) on July 19, 2024

All  of  Danuri’s  systems  are  operating  normally,  as  are  the
Mission Operations Center and Korea Deep Space Antenna that
manage and control the orbiter. In light of this, the design draft
for Danuri’s second extended mission has been developed. The
opinions  of  payload  operation  managers  have  been  gathered
regarding extended mission orbit options, and operational plans
for  two  different  orbit  options  have  been  completed  and  are
awaiting final confirmation. With this second mission extension,
Danuri’s journey of lunar exploration will continue.

Science Talk Concert Commemorating the Second Anniversary of Danuri's Lunar Orbit Entry, December of 2024, Seoul

KR-EN Danuri Researchers Conference: July of 2024, Busan

Annual Report 2024

Highlights of the Year

Integrated Operational Demonstration of K-UAM Grand Challenge Phase 1

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) refers to the use of environmentally
friendly,  electrically  powered  vertical  takeoff  and  landing
vehicles (eVTOLs) within urban areas for the transportation
of passengers or cargo. Unlike conventional air traffic, UAM
requires  demonstrations  to  ensure  safety  and  integrated
operational capability. Four consortiums participated in this
demonstration:  One  Team,  Lotte,  Future  Team,  and  Dream
Team.  The  demonstration  was  conducted  at  the  National
Aviation Test Center located in Goheung.

This demonstration included dry runs and development
tests, during which suitable routes for the demonstration

environment  were  established  through  analysis  on  previous
flights and route testing flights. One Team conducted part of
the  demonstration  using  KARI's  OPPAV  aircraft,  while  the
Dream  Team  consortium  (including  SKT,  JOBY,  and  Korea
Airports Corporation) used JOBY's eVTOL aircraft. The other
consortiums utilized helicopters as substitutes.

Through demonstrations in both non-urban areas (Goheung) and
urban areas, standards for commercialization will be established,
and urban demonstration flights are currently being planned.
Before conducting demonstrations in urban areas, dry runs and urban
route review will be carried out to secure safer demonstration zones.

GC-1 Flight CHART

Development Test Flight Route

← T.O ZONE

300FT MSL

※ NOTICE
1. 3 DEGREE CLIMB Required
2. 3 DEGREE DESCENT Required
3. MAXIMUM CRUISE SPD 90KT IAS
4. MAXIMUM APPROACH SPD 75KT IAS
5. MAXIMUM CLIMB SPD 75KT IAS

※Red point
A : N34°37'32.50" E127°12'47.30"
B : N34°37'28.94" E127°13'49.38"
C : N34°35'42.14" E127°13'40.55"
D : N34°35'47.17" E127°12'38.62"

※Blue point
A : N34°37'31.95" E127°12'51.91"
В : N34°37'28.28" E127°13'53.29"
C : N34°35'43.05" E127°13'45.56"
D : N34°35'46.74" E127°12'45.05"

300FT MSL

500FT MSL

Annual Report 2024

Highlights of the Year

Successful Launch of the Second KASS Satellite and Service Plans

The  Korea  Aerospace  Research  Institute  (KARI)  completed  the
development and deployment of the Korea Augmentation Satel ite
System (KASS)-Korea's Satel ite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS)-
between  October  2014  and  February  2024,  fol owing  a  9-year,
4-month  effort.  With  this  milestone,  Korea  became  the  fifth
country globally to operate an SBAS system, and KARI is now
managing its ongoing operations.

The first KASS aviation satel ite, Measat-3D, was launched from
the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou on June 23, 2022 and entered
geostationary orbit soon afterwards. After rigorous testing, it obtained
aviation performance certification (SoL service) on December 27,
2023, and began API-I class aviation services the fol owing day.

On November 12, 2024, the second KASS aviation satellite was
launched from Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 39A in
Florida, U.S., securing dual geostationary satellites to enhance
service  continuity  and  availability.  The  satellite  is  currently
undergoing integration testing with ground systems and quality
validation.  It  is  scheduled  to  receive  aviation  performance
certification  in  November  2025,  enabling  Korea  to  broadcast
real-time GPS correction signals with an average accuracy of 2m
to 3m and high reliability using both satellites.

This advancement positions KASS to support precision
aviation navigation and other critical applications, aligning
with global standards for satellite-augmented positioning.

SpaceX Falcon9 Delivering the Second KASS Satel ite (left), the Second KASS Satel ite (Right)

Support for Establishing the 3rd Comprehensive Plan for Satellite
Information Utilization

The Korea AeroSpace Administration (KASA) and the National
Satellite  Operation  and  Application  Center  under  the  Korea
Aerospace  Research  Institute  (KARI)  have  developed  the  3rd
Comprehensive  Plan  for  Satellite  Information  Utilization  for
2024–2028  period.  On  October  29,  KASA  convened  the  2nd
National Space Committee Meeting to deliberate and approve
the plan.

This pan-government initiative prioritizes fostering a private-
sector-led  satellite  information  industry  ecosystem,  creating
public services that leverage satellite data for tangible societal
benefits,  and  expanding  foundational  efforts  in  talent
development  and  international  collaboration.  Key  measures

include, first, supporting R&D and commercialization of new and
converging technologies to stimulate private-sector innovation,
second, opening access to approximately 7.9 million national
satellite images (as of 2023) to promote widespread utilization,
and last, enacting legislative frameworks to streamline satellite
data application and market growth.

The plan also emphasizes deploying satellite data for domestic
and  international  disaster  response  to  enhance  public  sector
contributions. KASA's National Satellite Operation Center will
strengthen  integrated  management  and  utilization  systems
for  national  satellites,  ensuring  operational  efficiency  and
maximizing societal value.

V. List of task details

Strategy/Task

Task

Detail

Period

Fostering

the public

sector satel ite

information

utilization

market

Proactively support the

private research and

development

Support the development of new technologies

'24~

Construct a platform for the satellite imagery

'25~

Build big data of satellite information

'25~

Stimulate the satellite

information utilization industry

Aid the growth of companies reliant on exports

'27~

Stimulate investments

'24~

Discover and help start-ups

'24~

Enact legislations and improve

the legal system

Find relevant legal basis

'25~

Improve the system to be market friendly

'25~

Form a system of satellite insurance

'24~

Expanding the

contribution

of the satel ite

information

to the public

sector

Improve the disaster

prevention and response

capabilities and increase

the contribution to the

international community

Advance the Space Weather Disaster response system

'24~

Develop a convergence analysis system

'24~

Respond to the climate crisis

'24~

Contribute to the international community

'24~

Advance the public service

of the satellite information

catered to the citizen

Upgrade the space environment monitoring system

'25~

Manage the orbits and frequencies

'26~

Monitor climates

'25~

Monitor the North Korean economy

'24~

Bolster the maritime sovereignty

'24~

Reinforce the management of the land, agriculture,

and forestry

'24~

Strengthen the connection

between the satellite

information and the actual

administration

Field-based R&D of local governments

'25~

Expand the operation of the Satellite Information

Utilization Panel

'24~

Laying the

legal basis for

the support

of the satel ite

information

utilization

Fortify the national satellites

comprehensive operation

system

Strengthen the role of the National Satel ite Operation

Center

'24~

Full-cycle operation and management of the national

satel ites

'25~

Arrange the effective

utilization system of the

national satellites

Standardize the satellite information

'25~

Reduce the security process time

'25~

Develop the KPS ground system

'24~

Increase the efficiency of the satel ite operation and

utilization

'25~

Stabilize the quality of the

satellite information

Upgrade the calibration and validation infrastructure

'24~

Quality control of the imagery

'24~

Enhancing

the utilization

capacity of

the satel ite

information

Train key talents in the satel ite

information utilization

Foster educational institutions

'26~

Link with universities to nurture talent

'26~

CubeSat contests

'24~

Reinforce the satellite

information utilization network

Joint response to international issues

'24~

Reinforce data exchange

'24~

Bolster technology and information exchange

'24~

Shared utilization of domestic satellite information

'24~

Spread the culture of the

satellite information utilization

Spread the culture of the satellite information utilization '25~
Develop the base of future satellite information

utilization talent

'26~

III. Vision and Strategy

Strategy

Task

1) Fostering the

public sector

satel ite information

utilization market

1. Proactively support the private research and

development

2. Stimulate the satellite information utilization industry

3. Enact legislation and improve the legal system

2) Expanding the

contribution of the

satel ite information

to the public sector

1. Improve the disaster prevention and response

capabilities and increase the contribution to the

international community

2. Advance public service using satellite information

catered to the citizens

3. Strengthen the connection between the satel ite

information and the actual administration

3) Laying the legal

basis for the

support of the

satel ite information

utilization

1. Fortify the national satel ites comprehensive operation

system

2. Arrange the effective utilization system of the national

satel ites

3. Stabilize the quality of the satel ite information

4) Enhancing the

utilization capacity of

the satel ite information

1. Train key personnel in the satel ite information utilization

2. Reinforce the satel ite information utilization network

3. Spread the culture of the satel ite information utilization

Goal

●

Fostering the satellite information industry ecosystem driven

by the private sector

- Stimulation of private research and development value-added service

utilizing the satellite information

- Development of demand-responsive national satellite information

release system (platform, S/W, related technologies, etc.)

●

Promoting public value through utilization of the satellite

information

- Expansion of field application of the public utilization technology using

the satellite information in service of the citizens

- Development of effective satellite information utilization system in the

public sector

Vision

Expedited engineering of the space economy through fostering

the satellite information industry ecosystem and contributing

to the public value

Annual Report 2024

Highlights of the Year

Joint Feasibility Study on Establishment of Spaceport in Mexico

Support for the Signing of the KASA-NASA Joint Statement on Space
and Aeronautics Cooperation

In  June,  the  Korea  Aerospace  Research  Institute  (KARI)
and the Mexican Space Agency (AEM) signed a cooperative
agreement  to  jointly  conduct  a  feasibility  study  for  the
establishment  of  a  launch  site  in  Mexico.  Based  on  this
agreement, the two organizations have formed a working
group to research the necessary data for building a space
launch  site  in  Mexico  and  are  currently  discussing  the
selection of candidate sites.

They are also collaborating on estimating construction
costs, developing business models, and preparing safety
regulations  related  to  facility  operations.  Through
this  joint  feasibility  study  with  Mexico,  it  is  expected
that cooperation between the two countries in various
aerospace  fields  will  be  further  strengthened  in  the
future.

In September, the Korea AeroSpace Administration
(KASA)  and  NASA  signed  a  Joint  Statement  of
Intent for Cooperation on Space and Aeronautics
Activities  to  strengthen  the  ROK-US  space
alliance. The Korea Aerospace Research Institute
(KARI)  contributed  key  collaboration  proposals
to  the  joint  statement.  This  agreement  marks  a
pivotal step in opening a new chapter for the ROK-
US  alliance  in  space  and  aeronautics,  serving  as
a  critical  foundation  for  Korea's  emergence  as  a
leading  space  power  and  advancing  humanity's
scientific discoveries and future exploration.

Hosting of and Participation in the 21st ITU-R Resolution 609
Consultation Meeting

KPS R&D Directorate of KARI, in collaboration with KTSAT,
successfully hosted the 21st ITU-R Resolution 609 Consultation
Meeting  in  Seoul,  Republic  of  Korea,  from  November  20  to
22,  2024.  This  annual  meeting  focuses  on  protecting  the
Aeronautical  Radionavigation  Service  (ARNS)  in  the  1164–
1215 MHz frequency band by facilitating consultations among
radio  navigation  satellite  service  (RNSS)  operators.  The
purpose of the meeting is to ensure that the Equivalent Power
Flux Density (EPFD) level produced by all space systems of all
RNSS systems does not exceed the level of protection of ARNS
systems specified limits.

The event drew 120 participants (65 in-person, 55 virtual) from
16 countries and regions, including Republic of Korea, the
United States, Japan, China, the European Union, India, Russia,
the United Arab Emirates, and the ITU Radiocommunication
Bureau (BR). Korea was represented by frequency experts from
KARI, KASA and other related Korean agencies.

Terminology:
- ITU: International Telecommunication Union
- ITU-R: Radiocommunication Sector
- Resolution 609 Consultation Meeting: Resolution 609

Consultation Meeting

- Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service: ARNS

(Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service)

- Radio Navigation Satellite Service: RNSS

Radio Navigation Satellite Service)

- Equivalent Power Flux Density:

(EPFD Equivalent Power Flux Density)

Annual Report 2024

Highlights of the Year

R&D ACTIVITIES

Completion of the KPS Ground System

Preliminary Design Review (PDR) in 2024

Construction of Commercial Small Launch

Vehicle Complex Officially Begins

Development of NEONSAT based Satellite

Imagery Utilization System

Research on Core Technologies for Autonomous

Collaborative Unmanned Vehicle Systems

Development of a VTOL Unmanned Vehicle,

Using Combined UAV-UGV Docking-Undocking

Modular Unmanned Vehicle

Real-Time Lunar Terrain Visualization

Technology for Future Space Exploration

Testing, and Initial Assembly of Components

for the Korean Launch Vehicle (NURI) FM4

Development of Core Technologies for Small

Launch Vehicle Upper Stages and Mission

Expansion Research

Selection of the KSLV-III System Integrator

and Basic Design of the Launch Pad

Completion of Ground Testing and FFRR for

Stratospheric Drone Air Vehicle No.1

Critical Design Review on the GEO-KOMPSAT-3

(CHEOLLIAN 3) System

Participation in Industry-Led CAS500

Development Project

Development of the Low Earth Orbit Multi-

Purpose Satellite (LEO-KOMPSAT) Series

Development of Multi-Disciplinary Optimal

Design Framework, HEAD and Completion of

First UAM Design Review Using HEAD

ePATH Program Achievement-Development

of Hybrid Electric Propulsion System

Technology

Space Pioneer Program-First Completed

Technology ‘GNSS Receiver for Geostationary

Satellites’and 13 Ongoing Space-Key

Technologies

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

Completion of the KPS Ground System Preliminary Design Review
(PDR) in 2024

The KPS R&D Directorate of KARI successfully conducted the
Preliminary Design Review (PDR) for the KPS ground system
from October 28 to 29, 2024, marking a significant milestone in
the system development. During the review, the specifications
for the ground system development were finalized, and the
preliminary design phase was completed. This progress
facilitates a smooth transition to the critical design review.

Key outcomes included the distribution of the finalized ground
system specifications and preliminary design documents, along
with the development of comprehensive post-PDR action plans.
All necessary measures are scheduled to be completed before

the system-level PDR to ensure alignment with overarching
project objectives.

Development of NEONSAT based Satellite Imagery Utilization System

The NEONSAT (New-space Earth Observation Satel ite Constel ation
for  National  Safety)  program  is  Korea’s  first  national  initiative  to
develop and operate a constel ation of very high-resolution optical
microsatel ites. The project aims to deploy 11 satel ites, each with
a spatial resolution of approximately 1 meter, by 2027. Once ful y
deployed,  the  constel ation  will  provide  a  high-frequency,  high-
precision Earth observation capability over the entire Korean Peninsula.
In paral el with satel ite development, a dedicated data utilization
system is being established to efficiently process, analyze, and apply
the large volumes of satel ite imagery col ected through continuous
observation.  This  system  expands  existing  services-such  as  high-
accuracy  orthorectified  and  mosaicked  image  products—for
government  agencies  participating  in  the  national  Satel ite  Data
Utilization Coordination Group, while also laying the foundation
for a more inclusive, public-oriented platform known as the Analysis
Products Intel igence Service System (APISS).
APISS is designed to improve data usability by providing Analysis
Ready  Data  (ARD)  in  the  form  of  surface  reflectance  across
multispectral bands. It includes automated generation of key spectal
indices,  including  NDVI,  EVI,  SAVI,  and  NDWI,  for  monitoring
vegetation and land surface conditions. The system also supports
thematic  analysis  related  to  disaster  response,  with  further
enhancements such as AI-powered object detection capabilities.
Users  will  be  able  to  search  for  imagery,  submit  analysis

requests, and view results through a web-based interface.
The APISS development fol owed a phased timeline: a user demand
survey was conducted in 2021, fol owed by baseline system design
in 2022, preliminary design in September 2023, and detailed design
finalized in August 2024. Unit testing and integration testing were
completed by the end of 2024. Moving forward, the system will be
tested using actual imagery from NEONSAT-1, the first satel ite
in the constel ation. As more satel ites are launched, APISS will be
continuously refined and upgraded, ultimately evolving into a core
infrastructure that supports both public and private applications of
high-frequency satel ite imagery.

NEONSAT APISS Web Interface

NEONSAT APISS Map-Based Visualization Interface

Construction of Commercial Small Launch Vehicle Complex Officially Begins

A dedicated launch complex for small vehicles developed by
private companies has broken ground within the Naro Space
Center in Goheung, Korea. Located in the Cheongseokgeum
area, separated from the existing NURI launch complex by a
mountain, the project includes a launch pad sized 8,100

㎡ and

transport road which is 3km in length and 11.5m in width.

Approved  in  2021,  the  project  completed  detailed  design
and  permits  in  2023  and  commenced  construction  in
March  2024.  As  of  September  2024,  tree  transplantation
and  clearance  have  been  finalized,  with  earthworks  and
road construction now underway. The complex is slated for
completion  by  late  2026,  enabling  domestic  companies  to

launch small satellites on-demand from Korean land.

This  infrastructure  is  expected  to  accelerate  private-sector
innovation  in  launch  vehicle  development,  reducing  reliance
on foreign facilities and fostering a competitive domestic space
industry.The  construction  is  scheduled  to  complete  the  tree
transplantation and logging in the construction site by September
of  2024,  after  which  earthworks,  such  as  blasting  work  for  site
preparation and pathway construction, can begin in full for the
completion in late 2026. Once it is constructed, it will be possible
to launch the smal  launch vehicles developed by the private sector
in Korea without schedule restrictions, and it is expected to boost
the launch vehicle development in the private sector.

Construction Underway in 2024

Before the Construction

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

Research on Core Technologies
for Autonomous Collaborative
Unmanned Vehicle Systems

From October to November 2024, technical validation tests for
core technologies enabling autonomous col aborative unmanned
vehicle systems were conducted at Chungbuk National University's
Ochang Campus, specifical y at the Chungbuk Autonomous
Driving Test Bed (C-Track).

In  October,  Navigation  Technology  Research  Team  and
Sensor Technology Research Team integrated their composite
navigation  technology  (designed  for  unknown  and  harsh
navigation environments) with a heterogeneous multi-sensor
3D navigation module. This system was deployed on a UGV
(Unmanned Ground Vehicle) developed through collaboration
between  the  Unmanned  Vehicle  Advanced  Research  Center,

MWMW Engineering, and Kongju National University.
The integrated navigation technology is critical for expanding
unmanned systems' operational domains across seamless indoor-
outdoor environments. These tests confirmed the potential of the
developed technologies to broaden and diversify future unmanned
system mission capabilities.

In November, the Human-Machine Interface Research Team
successfully validated their centralized ground control system
(CGCS),  XR  (Extended  Reality)  ground  control  system,
mobile  ground  control  system,  and  voice/gesture  HMI
(Human-Machine Interaction) technologies using three UAVs
(Unmanned  Aerial  Vehicles)  and  one  UGV.  As  the  missions

involving  unmanned  vehicles  become  increasingly  diverse  and
complex, the need for stable missions among multiple-heterogeneous
unmanned vehicles is growing. At the same time, technologies that
enable  users  to  efficiently  operate  these  multiple-heterogeneous
unmanned  vehicles  are  becoming  increasingly  important.  The
tests  demonstrated  the  feasibility  of  essential  technologies  for
scalable autonomous cooperative unmanned systems.

The validated technologies will be further refined, with
applicability expanded to maritime unmanned vehicles.
This aims to establish the universality of the developed core
technologies across land, marine, and air domains, supporting
unmanned vehicles ecosystems.

Technology Demonstration in November

Technology Demonstration in October

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

Development of a VTOL Unmanned Vehicle, Using Combined
UAV-UGV Docking-Undocking Modular Unmanned Vehicle

This vehicle, developed under the Unmanned Vehicle Advanced
Research Program, is a collaborative air and ground unmanned
system designed as a technology demonstrator for cooperative
missions. This system comprises a VTOL UAV, which is a 150
kg-class lift-and-cruise configuration UAV capable of vertical
takeoff and landing, equipped with six vertical lift propellers
and one propulsion propeller in a tandem-wing design, and a
UGV, a ground vehicle with autonomous drive and obstacle
avoidance functions for road and sidewalk mobility. Also, the
UGV has cargo handling capabilities using height adjustment
function.

Both platforms autonomously execute end-to-end cargo delivery
missions without human intervention, each carrying up to 15 kg
of payload.

Key  technical  features  include  the  UAV  propulsion  system,
which  utilizes  domestically  developed  six-phase  motor  and
inverter  systems  that  enhance  reliability  and  safety  over
conventional BLDC (BrushLess Direct Current) motors, and
a PX4-based flight control system with proprietary transition
algorithms,  validated  through  prior  50  kg-class  prototype
testing. The UGV autonomously docks with the UAV for cargo
transfer, enabling seamless air-ground logistics.

The development timeline includes ongoing safety tether
tests for the UAV's propulsion system in 2024, planned flight
performance evaluations such as hover, transition, and cruise
in 2025, and the final demonstration of collaborative air-
ground missions in 2026.

Future innovations involve the integration of a hydrogen fuel

cell-battery hybrid power system for extended UAV endurance.
In addition, the vehicle will be used for validation of additional
core technologies, such as advanced sensors and AI-based
navigation, developed under the program.

This system aims to establish a foundation for scalable, multi-
domain unmanned logistics, emphasizing reliability and
autonomy in complex operational environments.

Air Vehicle

Ground Vehicle

Delivery module-

Sparation-

Combination

Move to the final

destination

Autonomous driving in urban

environments

Landing

ground-air Tethered flight test

ground-air operations concept map

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

Real-Time Lunar Terrain Visualization Technology
for Future Space Exploration

The Future Innovation Research Center is developing deep
learning-based 3D terrain visualization technology using sensor
data such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) to support
future crewed and uncrewed lunar exploration.

This  technology  addresses  chal enges  in  the  Moon's  polar
regions-a key target for global exploration-where extreme lighting
conditions,  including  permanently  shadowed  regions  (PSRs)
and areas with intense solar il umination, complicate navigation.
Additional y,  critical  sites  for  lunar  base  construction,  such  as
lava tubes and pit craters, feature complex internal structures and
limited sunlight, further hindering exploration.

The technology enables real-time 3D terrain visualization
for astronauts or rovers, regardless of solar il umination, by
combining simulated LiDAR data with deep learning models.

In  2024,  researchers  created  a  virtual  lunar  environment  and
integrated  a  LiDAR  simulator  to  generate  point  cloud  data.  A
deep  learning  model  was  then  applied  to  reconstruct  textured
3D terrain in real time, dynamical y updating as users navigate
the  environment.  This  approach  aims  to  enhance  situational
awareness and operational safety in chal enging lunar terrains,
supporting future missions to the Moon's South Pole and beyond.

Virtual Lunar Surface

Collection of LiDAR Sensor

Input Values

Generated by LiDAR

Sensor Values

Terrain Textures Rednering based on

Deep Learning Model

Real-Time 3D Terrain

Visualization Corresponding to

Movement of Astronaut

Conceptual Image of Future Space Exploration with Real-Time Terrain Information Visualization Technology

Screenshot of Real-Time Rendering of Virtual Lunar Surface 3D Terrain Texture

Screenshot of LiDAR Sensor‘s Unity-based Data Col ection on the Lunar Surface

Albedo map

Normal map

Height info.

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

Testing, and Initial Assembly
of Components for the Korean
Launch Vehicle (NURI) FM4

The “Korean Launch Vehicle Enhancement Program” is
being carried out to enhance reliability through repeated
launches using the NURI, a Korean launch vehicle successfully
developed with domestic technology, and to foster and discover
system integration companies through the transfer of Korean
launch vehicle development technology to the private sector.

For the fourth launch of the NURI, scheduled for the second
half of 2025, production and testing of launch vehicle
components have been underway. A System Integration Review
(SIR) meeting was held, and the initial assembly of the NURI
Flight Model 4 (FM4) has officially commenced.

In addition, in the field of launch pad systems, performance
verification  tests  for  the  launch  pad  system  for  the  fourth
NURI  launch  have  been  completed.  Efforts  have  also  begun
to  improve  performance  by  addressing  the  aging  of  existing
launch pad protective facilities and enhancing water pressure.

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

Selection of the KSLV-III System Integrator and Basic Design of the
Launch Pad

The Launch Vehicle Research Directorate of KARI is carrying out
KSLV-III Development Program to meet national space development
demands such as satel ite launches and space exploration, and to
secure independent space exploration capabilities. The program
is also known as Next Generation Launch Vehicle Development
Program. By 2032, we plan to secure the core technologies and
develop next-generation launch vehicles for large satel ite launches
and space exploration, and conduct three launches.

To this end, this year we conducted the conceptual design and
System Requirement Review (SRR) for the next-generation launch

vehicle. We also began designing and upgrading engine test facilities
according to the specifications of the next-generation launch vehicle
engine, as well as the layout of the launch pad system, establishing
launch operation plans, and basic design tasks.

In addition, to enhance the private sector's ful -cycle technology
development capabilities for launch vehicles and to lay the
foundation for a private-led space industry ecosystem, we plan to
jointly develop the next-generation launch vehicle with the system
integrator from private sector. The selection and contracting of the
system integrator have been completed in the year of 2024.

Payload Fairing with

Acoustic Protection

CryUS

AM TCA

AM TPU

PHSS

LC Agnostic

30 kN Methalox TCA

Kick Stage

DL Mission

IMA

HPSB

HEX

Modular, High Reliability

Avionics

Qualified Autonomous Flight

Termination System
Stage Separation System

Turbopump-fed Expander

Cycle Upper Stage Engine

(E2)

Grid Stiffened AI

Primary Structure

Common Dome

Propellant Tanks

Additive Manufactured

Thrust Chamber

Turbopump-fed Gas

Generator Cycle Lower

Stage Engine (E1)

Development of Core Technologies for Small Launch Vehicle Upper
Stages and Mission Expansion Research

Small Launch Vehicle Research Division has been conducting
projects  to  develop  core  technologies  required  for  the
upper stages of small launch vehicles, aiming to strengthen
national  competitiveness  in  the  rapidly  growing  small
satellite service market. Related projects include the Small
Launch  Vehicle  Development  Capability  Support  Project
and  the  Space  Pioneer  Project's  launch  vehicle  initiatives.
Through these projects, we are leading the development of
key  technologies  and  supporting  private  companies  with
consultation  and  project  management  to  enhance  their

capabilities and accelerate the industrialization of space.

The Space Pioneer Project's launch vehicle initiatives focus on
common bulkhead propellant tanks, interstage umbilicals, and
integrated avionics.

Additionally,  we  are  conducting  mission  expansion  research
to  enhance  the  competitiveness  and  utility  of  small  launch
vehicles,  and  are  also  pursuing  research  on  launch  vehicle
mission  expansion  platforms,  also  known  as  orbital  transfer
vehicles.

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

The  Stratospheric  Drone  Technology  Development  Center
at KARI has completed the manufacturing and performance
verification  of  the  onboard  equipment  for  the  air  vehicle,  as
well  as  the  ground  control  station  and  data  link.  Through
static structural tests and ground vibration tests, we confirmed

the structural integrity of the airframe, and completed the
manufacturing of both Air Vehicle No.1 and No.2. Ground
testing for Air Vehicle No.1 has been completed, and the First
Flight Readiness Review (FFRR) has been conducted.

Rendering of Stratospheric Solar Drone EAV-4

Completion of Ground Testing and FFRR
for Stratospheric Drone Air Vehicle No.1

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

The  Korea  Aerospace  Research  Institute  is  currently
developing  the  GEO-KOMPSAT-3  (Geostationary  Earth
Orbit KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite-3, GK3) system with the
goal of launching in 2027. In 2024, the institute successfully
completed  the  Critical  Design  Review  (CDR)  for  the  GK3
system, finalizing the design on schedule as planned.

The  GK3  will  carry  a  total  of  three  payloads:  a  Flexible
Broadband Communication System (FBCS) to provide public
communication  services  for  maritime  safety  and  protection
and  for  emergency  communication  support  in  disaster  area,
a  Data  Collection  System  (DCS)  for  flood  monitoring  and
forecast, and a Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) for
delivering precise navigation correction information. Through
these  capabilities,  the  GK3  system  aims  to  support  the

transition to next-generation satellite-based communication
paradigms, as well as provide emergency services for disaster,
hazard response and precise navigation services.

Critical Design Review on the GEO-KOMPSAT-3 (CHEOLLIAN 3) System

CDR on GEO-KOMPSAT-3

Rendering of GEO-KOMPSAT-3 #3

Rendering of GEO-KOMPSAT-3 #1

Rendering of GEO-KOMPSAT-3

Rendering of GEO-KOMPSAT-3 #4

Rendering of GEO-KOMPSAT-3 #2

In line with national R&D policy, the Korea Aerospace Research
Institute is participating in the industry-led Next-generation
Medium-sized Satel ite Development Project (Compact Advanced
Satel ite 500, CAS500) by developing payloads and ground stations,
as well as providing technical management and supervision.

For  CAS500-2,  the  high-resolution  electro-optical  payload
for  land  observation  has  been  integrated  with  the  satel ite  bus
manufactured  by  a  domestic  company,  and  preparations  for
launch are underway. For CAS500-4, the wide-area electro-optical
payload  for  agricultural  and  forestry  monitoring  is  currently
undergoing  system  integration  and  testing  with  support  from
the institute. Additional y, the C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar
for  water  resource  monitoring  on  CAS500-5  has  successful y
completed its Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

Furthermore, KARI continues to provide technical management
and supervision for the system and bus development of CAS500-
3, CAS500-4, and CAS500-5, all of which are being developed by
domestic industries. The institute is also continuously involved

in the development of ground stations for satel ite operation and
image correction and validation.

Participation in Industry-Led CAS500 Development Project

CAS500-2 payload

CAS500-2 payload and satel ite bus assembly #2

CAS500-2 payload and satel ite bus assembly #1

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

Development of the Low Earth Orbit Multi-Purpose Satellite
(LEO-KOMPSAT) Series

In 2024, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute continued the
development of three Low Earth Orbit Multi-Purpose Satel ites
(LEO-KOMPSAT) to meet the demands for high-resolution
observation of the Korean Peninsula and to fulfill national
imaging needs.

KOMPSAT-6, equipped with a high-performance Synthetic Aperture

Radar  (SAR)  for  al -weather  ground  and  ocean  observation,  and
KOMPSAT-7,  equipped  with  a  high-resolution  electro-optical
camera and an infrared sensor, have both completed development
and  are  being  prepared  for  launch.  Additional y,  KOMPSAT-
7A,  which  is  being  developed  by  enhancing  the  capabilities  of
KOMPSAT-7  to  further  improve  resolution,  is  also  progressing
smoothly according to plan.

KOMPSAT-7

KOMPSAT-7A

KOMPSAT-6

KOMPSAT-7

R&D Activities

Annual Report 2024

Development of Multi-Disciplinary Optimal Design Framework,
HEAD and Completion of First UAM Design Review Using HEAD

Figure 1. HEAD System operating in a Server-Client Environment

In  parallel  with  the  development  of  HEAD,  the  system  is
being tested through the conceptual and preliminary design
of a five-seat class aircraft. Based on the OPPAV configuration,
requirements for a five-seat class aircraft were first developed,
and  a  conceptual  design  was  produced  to  achieve  the
minimum weight that satisfies these requirements. Using this
conceptual design, a workflow was established by integrating the
configuration  design,  low-fidelity  aerodynamics,  low-fidelity
hybrid propulsion, high-fidelity mission analysis, and avionics

components completed by 2024. Simulations were performed
across a appropriate design space, and the configuration with
minimum energy consumption was derived (see Figure 2).
In 2025, the plan is to implement additional analysis/simulation
components,  including  weight,  structure,  and  propulsion,
to  further  improve  the  design.  By  2026,  the  system  will
be  advanced  into  an  automated  optimal  design  system  by
implementing an Efficient Global Optimization (EGO)-based
optimizer.

(a) Conceptual Design Outcome

(b) Initial Preliminary Design Outcome

Figure 2. Design Result with HEAD System applied

Since 2023, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute has been
developing a design framework for conceptual and preliminary
design  of  hybrid-propulsion  VTOL  aircraft,  intended  for
both  internal  use  and  technology  transfer  to  industry.  This
foundational  design  framework  is  named  HEAD  (Hybrid
Electric  urban  air  mobility  Aircraft  Design  system).  HEAD
is  being  developed  as  a  system  capable  of  multidisciplinary
simulation and optimal design for hybrid-propulsion aircraft
by  developing  and  integrating  components  for  configuration

design,  aerodynamics,  avionics,  hybrid  propulsion,  mission
analysis, weight, structure, flight control, flexible fuselage, and
noise analysis/simulation tools.
HEAD  operates  by  integrating  tool  components  running  on
multiple  process  servers  distributed  across  a  network,  using
process integrator software (see Figure 1). The long-term plan
is to start with servers hosting analysis and simulation tools
within KARI and eventually integrate analysis and simulation
servers from research institutes nationwide.

(b) HEAD Workflow

Process Server

Client / Design Decision

Process Server

(a) Server-Client Environment

Client/Work Flow

Development

Process Server

Con..er

initial CPACS &

CII model

Trinity-HEP loop

Inp..oop

Out..ger

Read..ity

Trinity

HEP

For loop

update GT class

to CPACS

CPACS Output

extrude GT class

initial GT class

Input (upper loop level)

Trinity

HEP

merge CPACS &

send GT class to Converaer

DOE

pyGe.S_MW

pyGeo..cript

cpacsUtil

cpacsU..cript

pyAvionics

pyAvio..cript

MAATRI

MAATR..cript

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

ePATH Program Achievement-Development of Hybrid Electric
Propulsion System Technology

To  address  the  demand  for  Advanced  Air  Mobility  (AAM)
service  that  go  beyond  Urban  Air  Mobility  (UAM),  ePATH
program  for  Hybrid  Electric  Propulsion  System  (HEPS)  was
launched in 2021. The full name of ePATH is electric Propulsion
for Advanced air mobility with Turbine based Hybridization.

Based on the conceptual design of an electric vertical take-off
and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, the project completed the design
of a turbine generator-based hybrid electric propulsion system
capable of urban travel between Seoul and Busan (See Figure 1),
computational simulations, identification and modification of
component requirements, development, and the construction
of a ground integrated performance test rig (See Figures 2 and
3) by the end of 2024.
Key features of the hybrid electric propulsion system technology
under development include the adoption of redundant power
plants and dual electric engines-comprising motors and

inverters  for  propeller  system  operation-to  ensure  system
safety.  Additionally,  optimal  thermal  management  system
technology is being developed for electronic components that
are more sensitive to limited temperature variations compared
to conventional gas turbine engines (See Figure 1). The project
also  focuses  on  developing  integrated  operational  logic  and
computational analysis technologies that account for various
operational conditions.

Starting in 2025, the ground integrated performance test rig
established by the end of 2024 will be used to conduct ground
integrated tests, beginning with basic missions for urban travel
between  Seoul  and  Busan  and  expanding  to  verify  various
operational  scenarios. Based on  these tests,  the project  aims
to  further  advance  the  computational  analysis  model  of  the
hybrid electric propulsion system.

Figure 1. HEPS Installation Design (left) and Cooling Test Rig in Nacelle (Right)

Propulsion System C.G.

#1~#4 = Battery Pack

Engine + Generator (Rectifier)

eVTOL Concept Design

Fuel Tank

Inverter#1

Inverter#3

Inverter#2

Motorr#3

Motorr#2

Motorr#1

High Voltage Wire Harness

Generator/Rectifier

Distributor

Ground Integrated Performance Test Rig

Inverter Warning Threshold

FLIGHT

DC Volt.

DC Pow.
DC Curr.

IDLE2

4000

3000

2000

1000

Time (s)

Power (kW)

Current (A)

Voltage (Vdc)

Partial Section Test Results from Ground Integrated Performance Test

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

Space Pioneer Program – First
Completed Technology
‘GNSS Receiver for Geostationary
Satellites’ and 13 Ongoing
Space-Key Technologies

The Korea Aerospace Research Institute was designated in 2021 as
the leading agency for the development of space-key technologies
over a ten-year period. Space Pioneer Program Office was then
organized within KARI for that mission, with a total budget of
211.5 bil ion KRW. One of key missions is to support the 3rd
Basic Plan for Promotion of Space Development, for smooth
development of future space systems planned through 2030.

Apart from the office, an industry-led consortium of industry,
academia, and research institutes was formed to develop 16

● The first technology completed in the Space

Pioneer Program, “Multi-GNSS Receiver for GEO
Satellite”(‘21.6~‘24.12)

- Hosts: Dusitech (Lead) (Industry), Inha University

(Academia), Korea Aerospace Research Institute (Research)

- PVT (Position, Velocity, Timing) solution for the precise

orbit determination of geostationary satellites

- Improvement in the low reception sensitivity of visible

GNSS satellites on the other side of the globe

● Launch Vehicle

1. Common Bulkhead Propellant Tank (’21.6~’26.12)
- Agencies: NDT Engineering & Aerospace (Lead)/Korean

Air/KP AERO INDUSTRIES/GV Engineering (Industry),
Korea Aerospace University (Academia), Korea Aerospace
Research Institute/Korea Institute of Industrial Technology
(Research)

- The Lightweight/Low Cost Common Bulkhead Propellant

Tank for a Small Launch Vehicle Upper Stage using
high performance alloy material of AL-Li with domestic

L1 ReF-Antenna SMA

L2 ReF-Antenna SMA

ReF-Clk SMA

Power Supply

Male DSUB-9

Communication

male DSUB-25

Communication

male DSUB-15

technologies such as Friction Stir Welding and Cryogenic
Insulation applied

- Core component of a 500 kg satellite (Sun-synchronous

orbit 500 km) small launch vehicle system's upper stage

national space-key technologies across the launch vehicle sector
(3 technologies), satel ite bus sector (7 technologies), and satel ite
payload sector (6 technologies). In 2024, development was pursued
for 14 technologies (3 in the launch vehicle sector, 7 in the satel ite
bus sector, and 4 in the satel ite payload sector), and in December,
the development of the “GNSS Receiver for Geostationary
Satel ites” was successful y completed, preparing for integration
with higher-level systems.

The  project  aims  to  develop  space-key  technologies  with  the
objectives  of  “Achieving  strategic  technological  independence
in space, localizing core components, expanding the utilization
of  results  through  demand-driven  technology  development,
enhancing national space technology capabilities, and establishing
a virtuous cycle in the space development ecosystem.” By linking
these  technologies  to  space  system  projects,  the  initiative  is
expected to make significant contributions to the advancement of
national space technology capabilities.

Oxidant tank assembly

Common bulkhead

Fuel tank assembly

2. Low cost, Lightweight Avionics Integration Technology

for Launch Vehicle (’22.3~’27.12)

- Agencies: Danam Systems(Lead), Korea Aerospace

University (Academia), Korea Testing Laboratory/
Korea Aerospace Research Institute (Research) Hanhwa
Aerospace/Hanhwa Corp/HANCOM InSpace/Bitelinx/
SOLETOP(Industry)

- Development of Modular Integrated Avionics System for

Low Cost, Lightweight, and Miniaturization of the Device
that performs Mission Control, Electricity, Emergency
Shutdown, Engine, and TVC Control Telemetry for a Small
Launch Vehicle and Ground Performance Verification
Equipment

Ground performance test equipment
Smal Launch

Vehicle Mock-up

Smal launch
vehicle simulation(PLS)

Ground launch

control system

Mounted Integrated

Avionics

TLM Data

2nd stage external power

2nd stage TLM data

Sensor

Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor

Sensor
Sensor

iri

2nd stage launch vehicle integrated avionics system

d s

t s

AFDX

Switch

AFDX

Switch

TLM Data

AFDX

External power

Control signal

Ground performance test

equipment

Ground launch control system

TLM Data & AFDX

Signal Input

Simulator

Singnal Input

Simplified model of the small

launch vehicle (PILS)

Simulator

Singnal Out

1st stage launch vehicle integrated

avionics system

Navigation system

Engine/TVS control system

Complex navigation

equipment

E/S

Engine/TVS control

equipment

E/S

Task control system/navigation system

Task control

equipment

E/S

Complex navigation

equipment

E/S

Engine/TVS control system

Engine/TVS control

equipment

E/S

Umbilical

1st stage

externalpower

FTSU data

Master

DAU

E/S

Telemetering system

Slave DAU#2

Slave DAU#1

Transmitter

Flight termination system

AFTS

E/S

FTSU

Electric system

Power

distribution device

BATTERY

E/S

1st stage

TLM data

Master

DAU

E/S

Telemetering system

Slave DAU#2

Slave DAU#1

Remote DAU

Transmitter

Flight termination system

AFTS

E/S

FTSU

Electric system

Power

distribution device

E/S

Umbilical

Model Foodback Data

FTSU data

BATTERY

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

3. Inter-Stage Connection Umbilical (’22.3~’27.12)
- Agencies: Hanyang ENG(Lead)/Korean Air(Industry),

Korea Aerospace Research Institute (Research)

- Development of Certification Model for Inter-Stage

● Satellite Bus
1. Storable Bipropellant Thruster (’21.6~’25.12)
- Agencies: Korea Aerospace Research Institute (Lead)

(Research), Hanhwa Corp/anflux/NEXTFOAM (Industry),
Chungbuk National University/Jeonbuk National University
(Academia)

- Development of Storable Bipropellant Thruster using MMH

(Fuel) and NTO (Oxidizer)

Umbilical for Supplying Fuel/Oxidizer (Liquid Methane,
Kerosene, Liquid Oxygen), Gas (room temperature, high
pressure, low temperature) and Electricity in a Small Launch
Vehicle and Ground Performance Verification Equipment

LOX Umbilical

gas Umbilical

Cryogenic gas Umbilical

High pressure gas Umbilical

Electric Umbilical

Interstage Connection Umbilical

(Mobile Pad-1st stage)

Interstage Connection Umbilical

(1st stage~2nd stage)

LOX Umbilical

Cryogenic gas

Umbilical

High pressure gas Umbilical

Electric Umbilical

Fairing Environmental Control Connector

Mobile pad system

Development of

cryogenic fuel Umbilical

3. Control Moment Gyro for High Agility

Satellites (’21.6~’27.12)

- Agencies : LIG Nex1 (Lead)/Lumir/DAEYOUNG

M.TEC./LC TEK(Industry), Korea Aerospace
Research institute (Research)

- Development of Control Moment Gyro which is

a Core Component in Attitude Control System of
a LEO Satellite capable of High Speed and High
Agility Attitude Control of a Satellite

4. Multiple Optical Head Star Tracker for

Operational Satellites
(’21.6~’25.6, to be completed)

- Agencies : SATREC INITIATIVE (Lead)

(Industry)

- Development of Multi Head Star Tracker that

can fulfill Nadir Pointing Accuracy Performance
required by Satellite Systems such as Multi-
Purpose Satellites and Compact Advanced
Satellites

2. 200mN Class High Thrust Electrical

Propulsion System(’21.6~’26.12)

- Agencies: APSI (Lead) (Industry), Institute

of Science and Technology/Korea Aerospace
University (Academia), Korea Aerospace
Research Institute(Research)

- Development of High Voltage Output 5 kW

Power Supply and Hall-effect Thruster Capable
of 200 mN and higher Thrust for Geostationary
Satellite (3 tons) in Transfer Orbit

Xenon Tank

XFC (Xenon Flow Control)

HET(Hall Effect Thruster)

PPU

(Power Processing Unit)

Main Electronic Unit

Redundant

Primary

Baffle

OH Box

Optics

Optical Head

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

6. ASIC-Based Multi-Core Controllers for Satellite-

Mounted Computers (’23.1~’28.12)

- Agencies : JL Tech (Lead) (Industry), Edeltech (Industry),

QRT (Industry)

- Development of ASIC-Based Multicore Controller,

Development of Space-grade Ceramic Packaging for the
mounting of the Multicore Controller ASIC and contruction
of Multicore Controller Testbed performance/cosmic
radiation/reliability/EMI, etc.)

2-axes Pointing

Mechanism

Calibration

Wheel

Telescope

PIP

PIP bipods

(S/L interface)

● Satellite Payload
1. Development of Drive Unit for Geostationary Electro-

Optical Payload (’21.6~’25.11 to be completed)

- Agencies : JUSTEK (Lead) (Industry)
- Single Axis Drive Unit (OAM) BM/QM Development/

Environment/Performance Test and Dual Axis Drive Unit
(TAM) EM/QM Development/Environment/Performance
Test to derive a Pointing Model/Analysis/Verification/and
Development

5. Fiber Optic Gyroscope for Practical Satellites

(’21.6~’25.12, to be completed)

- Agencies : Fiberpro (Lead) (Industry)
- Development of Fiber Optic Gyroscope for Satellites that will

be used on Precise Attitude Determination and Stabilization
of the Satellite Bus by detecting the Rotation Speed using the
interference of light of fiber optic

EM figure of the

developing FOG

Inner structure of the developing gyro

LD control module

Processor module

Power supply module

FOG Interferometer

Assembly

3. Development of Ka-band Transmitter and Active Phased

Array Antenna for Satellite (’21.6~’25.6 to be completed)

- Agencies : Lumir (Lead)/MTG/SOLETOP (Industry)
- High Performance/Compact/Lightweight Ka-band

Transmitter and Active Phased Array Antenna which are
Components of Ka-band Down Link System in a Satellite
with Electrical Beam Steering Antenna Technology and
Software Defined Radio Technology applied

4. Code/Message Generator Development for Navigation

Satellite (’23.1~’26.12)

- Agencies : LIGNex1 (Lead) (Industry), Microinfinity

(Industry)

- Development of Navigation Code/Message Generator of

Global Leader Level that can be equipped on KPS

2. Development of Two-Dimensional Multi Channel
Infrared Detector for a Geostationary Earth Observation
Satellite (’21.9~’26.12)

- Agencies : i3system (Lead) (Industry), Jeonbuk National

University (Academia)

- Development of domestic technology for Multi Channel (Mid

Infrared, Far Infrared Band Detector) Infrared Detector
based on Superlattice (T2SL) for Geostationary/LEO Earth
Observation Satellite

Sensor array

IRFPU

Hybrid chip

DDA

IDDCA

Readout

Integrated

Circuit

(ROIC)

Structure

module

Equipment

module

Solar

Panel

Satellite/

launch

vehicle

connection

structure

Cooler

(Overseas Purchase)

Payload

module

FEE

Indium

bumps

KRM

(Ka-band Radiator Module)

KCM

(KRM Control Module)

PSA

(Power Supply for Analog)

KIM

(KRM Interface Module)
PDM

(Power Divider Module)

KTCMp/DSPMp

(Ka-band Transmitter Control Module/

Data Signal Processing Module)

KTCMr/DSPMr

(Ka-band Transmitter Control Module/

Data Signal Processing Module)

KCCMp

(Ka-band Carrier

Conversion Module)

PSDMp

(Power Supply &

Distribution Module)

KCCMr

(Ka-band Carrier Conversion Module)

PSDMr

(Power Supply & Distribution Module)

Annual Report 2024

R&D Activities

EDUCATION &

PUBLIC OUTREACH

2024 KARIST and Customized Training for

Each Country

HCoC Delegation Visits Naro Space Center

Participation in the 75th International

Astronautical Congress (IAC) and Hosting of

Cooperation Meetings

2022 CubeSat Competition: Delta CDR and

Educational Workshops

On-Site Space Education and Career

Mentoring for University Students

She Space International Satellite Imaging

Training and International Exchange

Support for University Student Paper

Presentations and International Exchange

at the International Astronautical Congress

(IAC/ISEB)

ROK-US Exchange Meeting Held for Expanding

NASA International Internship for Korean Students

Participation in the 18th UN International

Committee on GNSS (ICG) Annual Meeting

Holding Satellite Application Conference 2024

Successful Hosting of SpaceOps (Space Operations)

Committee in Jeju

Participation in the 2024 IADC Annual Meeting

Participation in the 51st and 52nd International

Charter Board Meetings and Provision of 900+

National Satel ite Images for 57 Global Disasters

Dissemination of R&D Achievements through

Signing of MoU between Private Companies

and the Holding of Conference/Workshops

under Space Pioneer Program

Education and Public Outreach

Annual Report 2024

Online Completion Ceremony

2024 KARIST and Customized Training for Each Country

KARI International Space Training (KARIST) is a capacity-
building program designed for emerging aerospace nations,
fostering international cooperation networks and contributing
to their technological advancement.

In 2024, KARI expanded KARIST outreach through tailored
online  programs.  In  February,  a  specialized  online  training
was  held  for  ASEAN  countries,  involving  17  participants
from  eight  nations.  In  April,  KARI  conducted  a  customized
online training for member states of the Latin American and
Caribbean  Space  Agency  (ALCE),  engaging  34  participants
from 13 countries. And in September, KARI hosted an online
session  for  33  participants  from  14  emerging  space  nations.
Additionally,  KARI  opened  an  online  E-booth  to  promote
domestic space industries globally.

Moving forward, KARI plans to strengthen partnerships with
emerging space nations and provide further country-specific space
training programs to expand international col aboration networks.

HCoC Delegation Visits Naro Space Center

In  March  2024,  the  Korean  government,  as  a  member  of  the
Hague  Code  of  Conduct  against  Bal istic  Missile  Proliferation
(HCoC), invited delegations from seven countries-including both
HCoC signatories and non-signatories-to the Naro Space Center.
This  initiative  aimed  to  enhance  international  trust  in  Korea's
space policy.

The Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) introduced the
delegation to the Korean government's efforts in bal istic missile
non-proliferation and provided an overview of Korea's peaceful

space development activities. The visit included tours of the Naro
Space Center's launch pad, the launch vehicle storage building,
and the Space Science Museum, offering a firsthand look at the
operational launch facilities.

This  visit  by  the  delegation  served  to  publicly  demonstrate  the
transparency  and  safety  of  Korea's  space  launches,  thereby
strengthening  international  trust  and  understanding  of  the
Korean government and KARI's commitment to the peaceful use
of outer space.

HCoC Delegation Visiting the Naro Space Center

Online Training

Education and Public Outreach

Annual Report 2024

Participation in the 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC)
and Hosting of Cooperation Meetings

In October 2024, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)
participated in the 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC)
held in Milan, Italy.

The IAC, the world's largest international event for space professionals,
serves as a platform to share cutting-edge technologies, research
achievements, and discussions on the future of space exploration
and activities. This year's congress, themed “Responsible Space for

Sustainability,” attracted over 11,200 participants from 120 countries.
During the congress, KARI engaged with leading space agencies
and companies to expand its global network and explore
collaborative opportunities in the space sector. The institute
showcased Korea's excellence in space technology through a
dedicated “Korea Day” event. Additionally, KARI organized a
joint exhibition booth for domestic companies, including UEL
and IOPS, to promote their research achievements globally.

Korea Day event in the 75th IAC

2022 CubeSat Competition: Delta CDR and Educational Workshops

On March 19 to 20, 2024, the first Delta Critical Design Review
(D-CDR)  was  held  at  the  KT  Human  Resources  Development
Institute  in  Daejeon.  The  review  involved  four  CubeSat
development  teams  from  the  2022  CubeSat  Competition,
including representatives  from  Seoul  National  University  and
Sejong  University.  A  second  D-CDR  session  took  place  on
August 19, 2024, with participation from two teams, including

KAIST and Chosun University.
A panel of nine internal and external experts evaluated the designs
and provided feedback to support and improve the teams' CubeSat
development processes. Additional y, an online Engineering
Model (EM) Design Review Meeting was held on September 5,
2024, for the finalist teams of the 2022 CubeSat Competition to
refine their technical models in preparation for implementation.

2022 Cubesat Contest D-CDR

Education and Public Outreach

Annual Report 2024

On-Site Space Education and Career Mentoring for
University Students

During  the  2024  summer  semester,  18  undergraduate  students
received  basic  training  in  satel ite  technology  and  hands-on
practice  in  satel ite  mission  operations.  In  the  fall  semester,
nine  graduate  students  participated  in  a  specialized  course  on
Aerospace System Infrastructure Application, focusing on critical
space testing procedures required for satel ite launches.

These programs aimed to cultivate competent workforce in the
space sector through self-directed, field-based learning initiatives,
equipping students to lead in the NewSpace Era. Col aboration
with universities interested in space workforce development
strengthened ties between industry demands and academic
curricula, fostering a pipeline of innovative professionals.

Final Presentation and Field Trip during the Satel ite Operation Training Course for Undergraduates

She Space International Program Participation and a Visit to DLR

She Space International Satellite Imaging Training and
International Exchange

To encourage participation of women in the space industry, a
specialized education program was conducted for six female
students from NLCS Jeju International School, focusing on
satellite imaging applications through She Space International.
From November 3 to 8, the students visited the German

Aerospace Center (DLR), where they collaborated with
German teams on joint research presentations, participated in
STEM education sessions, and toured key facilities, including
DLR's International Space Station control center.

Education and Public Outreach

Annual Report 2024

Support for University Student Paper Presentations and Internationa
Exchange Program at the International Astronautical Congress (IAC/ISEB)

A total of eight selected undergraduate and graduate students
received preparatory training and thesis guidance ahead of
their participation in the International Astronautical Congress
(IAC). From October 9 to 21, 2024, the students attended the
Space Generation Congress (SGC) in Milan, Italy, and they
engaged with young space professionals and gaining insights
into the latest space technologies during the IAC.

Through  the  International  Space  Education  Board  (ISEB)
program,  participants  built  global  networks  with  fellow
students,  fostering  their  development  as  future  aerospace
experts.  This  initiative  aimed  to  cultivate  talent  capable  of
contributing  to  international  collaborations  and  advancing
sustainable space exploration.

SGC Working Group Discussion and Presentation Sessions at ISEB

ROK-US Exchange Meeting Held for Expanding NASA International
Internship for Korean Students

From December 8 to October 15, 2024, an exchange meeting
was held at NASA's Ames Research Center in San Francisco to
discuss expanding opportunities for Korean students in NASA's
International Internship program. Key discussions focused on
increasing the number of recommended Korean participants
and broadening their involvement in research institutes.
The event included consultations with Korean student mentors

at  NASA  Ames,  where  progress  reviews  of  current  interns'
projects were conducted, and outcomes of their contributions
to  NASA  initiatives  were  evaluated.  Additionally,  five  NASA
researchers  overseeing  international  internships  presented
their  projects  and  encouraged  greater  participation  from
Korean  students  in  2025,  emphasizing  the  value  of  their
collaboration in advancing aerospace research.

ROK-US Exchange Meeting for NASA International Internship and Tour of the Lab of Korean Interns

Education and Public Outreach

Annual Report 2024

Participation in the 18th UN International Committee on GNSS (ICG)
Annual Meeting

The  KPS  R&D  Directorate  of  KARI  participated  in  the  18th
UN  ICG  Annual  Meeting  held  in  Wel ington,  New  Zealand,
from  October  6  to  11,  2024.  This  engagement  was  undertaken
as  part  of  the  delegation  of  the  Republic  of  Korea,  comprising
experts from the Korea AeroSpace Administration (KASA), the
Ministry  of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, and research
institutes including the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI),
the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), the Korea
Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO), and the
Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI).

The  recent  meeting  convened  over  300  representatives  from
member  states  of  the  International  Committee  on  Global
Navigation  Satel ite  Systems  (ICG), including the  United  States,
Japan,  China,  the  European  Union,  and  India.  Participants
engaged  in  discussions  on  several  critical  topics,  including  GNSS
compatibility and interoperability, lunar navigation (Lunar PNT),
low-Earth  orbit  positioning  navigation  and  timing  (LEO PNT),

space service volumes (SSV), and precise point positioning (PPP).

The delegation from the Republic of Korea shared updates on
the Korean Positioning System (KPS) and announced its plans
to host the 19th UN ICG Annual Meeting in Busan, Republic
of  Korea,  in  October  2025.  Furthermore,  the  delegation
actively  participated  in  both  bilateral  and  multilateral
meetings  aimed  at  strengthening global col aboration in the
field of satellite navigation.

Holding Satellite Application Conference 2024

As the number of national satel ites grows and the importance of
satel ite data utilization increases, the annual Satel ite Application
Conference serves as a platform to foster col aboration among
industry, academia, research institutions, and government agencies,
driving the advancement of satellite information applications.

Co-hosted by the National Intel igence Service (NIS) and the Korea
AeroSpace Administration (KASA), and organized by the Korea
Aerospace  Research  Institute  (KARI),  the  Satel ite  Application
Conference  2024  was  held  under  the  theme  "The  Future
Prospects  and  New  Opportunities  of  Satellite  Applications"

from November 19-20 at the KB INGENIUM Sacheon Training
Center in Sacheon City, where KASA is headquartered.

The  event  drew  385  participants,  including  the  NIS  Third
Deputy  Director,  KASA  Administrator,  the  Ambassador  of
Luxembourg  to  Korea,  NASA  representatives,  and  domestic
and  international  stakeholders.  It  featured  15  exhibition
booths  from  satellite-related  companies  and  18  corporate
presentations  across  six  sessions,  covering  30  diverse  topics.
The  conference  concluded  successfully,  highlighting  global
partnerships and innovations in satellite technology.

Presentation Session in Satel ite Application Conference 2024

Education and Public Outreach

Annual Report 2024

Successful Hosting of SpaceOps (Space Operations) Committee in Jeju

SpaceOps, established in 1992 to foster a global community of
space operations experts, comprises 13 national space agencies-
including the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)-as
executive committee members, with a total of 28 institutions
participating as members.

Since its inception, the committee has organized 15 biennial
conferences across various countries, serving as a platform to
discuss cutting-edge space operations technologies and promote
knowledge exchange across all aspects of space missions, including

robotics, near-earth mission operations, human spaceflight, and
deep-space exploration. Notably, KARI hosted the conference in
Daejeon, Korea, in 2016.

In April 2024, KARI participated in the spring meeting held in
Montreal, Canada, to plan the 2025 conference, fol owed by
successful y hosting the SpaceOps committee meeting in Jeju,
Korea, in September 2024. These events reinforced international
col aboration in advancing space mission operations and strategic
planning.

Participation in the 2024 IADC Annual Meeting

KARI  participated  in  the  42nd  Inter-Agency  Space  Debris
Coordination  Committee  (IADC)  Annual  Meeting,  held
in  Bengaluru,  India,  in  April  2024.  Established  in  1993  to
foster  international  collaboration  on  space  debris  mitigation
research,  the  IADC  comprises  13  member  space  agencies,
including Korea.

During  the  meeting,  discussions  focused  on  global  efforts  to
address space debris chal enges, including col ision risk analysis,
re-entry prediction, and space environment data sharing. KARI
presented  its  advancements  in  space  situational  awareness,
highlighting  achievements  in  conjunction  assessment  and
outlining  future  plans  for  measurement  systems,  data  fusion,
col ision analysis tools, and digital twin technologies.

The committee was structured into a Steering Group and four
working groups dedicated to specialized areas such as space
debris tracking, environment modeling, spacecraft protection,

and collision risk mitigation. These sessions deepened technical
exchanges on safeguarding the safety and sustainability of
space activities, strengthening international cooperation
frameworks to address orbital environment challenges.

Education and Public Outreach

Annual Report 2024

Participation in the 51st and 52nd International Charter Board Meetings
and Provision of 900+ National Satellite Images for 57 Global Disasters

The  International  Charter  Space  and  Major  Disasters,  a  coalition
of 17 space agencies, continues to enhance the rapid deployment
and efficient use of satellite imagery in response to escalating
climate-driven  disasters.  During  the  April  2024  board  meeting
hosted  by  Germany's  DLR  and  the  October  2024  meeting  held
by  Brazil's  INPE,  discussions  focused  on  operational  monitoring,
emergency response training, technological upgrades to the Charter
Mapper  platform,  and  strategies  to  expand  the  dissemination
and reliability of satellite-based disaster analyses.

The Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) contributed over
900 images from KOMPSAT-3, KOMPSAT-3A, KOMPSAT-5, and
CAS500-1 satellites to support 57 disaster responses in 2024,

including Hurricane Milton in the United States, Super Typhoon
Man-yi in the Philippines, floods in Thailand, Costa Rica, and
Sudan, wildfires in Argentina and Peru, and a major oil spill in
Trinidad and Tobago.

During July 2024, KARI activated the Charter to acquire more
than  700  international  satel ite  images,  such  as  those  from
Canada's  RCM  and  Germany's  TerraSAR-X,  in  response  to
torrential rainfall on the Korean Peninsula. Col aborative efforts
with K-water and the National Disaster Management Research
Institute  enabled  flood  inundation  analysis,  aiding  emergency
response efforts.

the 51st Board Meeting of the International Charter

the 52nd Board Meeting of the International Charter

Food damage map of Yeoncheon analyzed by the K-water using the images provided by the Charter

River flood damage map of Argentina and Uruguay analyzed by the CONAE

(Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales) of Argentina using the KOMPSAT-5 images

Education and Public Outreach

Annual Report 2024

Dissemination of R&D Achievements through Signing of MoU between
Private Companies and the Holding of Conference/Workshops under
Space Pioneer Program

KARI  is  actively  promoting  and  disseminating  domestical y
developed,  space-critical  technologies-outcomes  of  the
Space  Pioneer  Program-by  organizing  special  sessions  and
promotional booths at key academic conferences in Korea. In
addition, the institute holds joint technology workshops for the
Space  Pioneer  Program,  sharing  progress  with  stakeholders

from industry, academia and research sectors, and fostering
mutual cooperation to maximize the utilization of these
technologies.

Notably, in 2024, the institute supported the signing of three
additional Memorandum of Understanding between private

The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences Space Conference OS (6.27)

The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences Fall Conference Exhibition Booth Operation (7.13-21)

The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences Fal

Conference OS Space Pioneer Program I, II (4.19)

The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences Fal

Conference Exhibition Booth Operation (4.19-21)

The Space Pioneer Program integration technology workshop (7.17)

MoU Signed Between Private Companies (1.12)

companies, enabling the application, in the private sector, of
space-critical  launch  vehicle  technologies  developed  under
the  Space  Pioneer  Program.  The  same  support  was  made  in
the previous year as well. Furthermore, efforts are underway
to  facilitate  contracts  and  partnerships  for  the  ‘Integrated

Avionics Technology’ and ‘Inter-stage Umbilical’ Technologies.
Also, KARI hosted the Space Pioneer Program integration
technology workshop to share the progress of the program
with industry, academia, and research personnel to facilitate
collaboration and maximization the technology's utilization.

Especially in 2024, KARI supported a total of three additional
MoU between private companies in addition to the MoUs
signed in the last year for the utilization of the Space Pioneer
Program's space key technologies in the field of launch vehicles

in the private sector, and "the Integrated Avionics" and "the
Inter-Stage Umbilical" technologies are in the process of being
linked and signed.

Education and Public Outreach

Annual Report 2024

OVERVIEW

Vision
A world-class research institute realizing Korea's dream toward
the sky and space.

Mission
Contribution  to  solid  development  of  the  national  economy  and
improving  people’s  lives  through  new  exploration,  technology
advancement,  development  and  dissemination  in  the  field  of
aerospace science and technology.

Major Function

About KARI

Korea Pathfinder

Lunar Orbiter (KPLO)

Lunar Lander

Annual Report 2024

Research and development of aircraft, satellites,
and space launch vehicle systems.

Joint utilization of testing and evaluation facilities,

collaboration with industries, and industrialization
of technology

R&D cooperation with the government, private
sector, corporate bodies and other organizations.
Nurturing professional manpower in key areas.

Support for the establishment of national aerospace
development policies and distribution of information
on aerospace technology

HISTORY

About KARI

Annual Report 2024

2011. 11

2012. 05

2013. 01

2013. 08

2013. 11

2013. 12

2014. 05

2012. 06

The 3rd launch of Korea’s
first space launch vehicle
(KSLV-I)

Development of dual-use core
components for Korea Utility
Helicopter (Surion)

Launch of KOMPSAT-3
(KOMPSAT-3)

Development
of Smart UAV

Launch of KOMPSAT-5
(KOMPSAT-5)

Launch of STSAT-3

Development of KC-100

Development of OPV

2015. 03

2015. 12

Launch of KOMPSAT-3A
(KOMPSAT-3A)

Completion of building of
KSLV-I engine propulsion
system testing facilities

2022. 06

2022. 08

2023. 05

2024. 11

Ground-breaking ceremony for
the space center

Launch of Korea’s 1st liquid-
propel ant rocket (KSR-I I)

Development of canard aircraft

Launch of KOMPSAT-1
(KOMPSAT-1)

Launch of STSAT-1

Development of multi-purpose
stratosphere unmanned airship

Launch of KOMPSAT-2
(KOMPSAT-2)

The first Korean astronaut,
Development of medium aerostat

Completion of
NARO Space Center

Launch of COMS
(CHEOLLIAN-1)

1999. 12

2001. 09

2003. 08

2003. 09

2003. 10

2006. 07

2008. 04/12

2009. 06

2010. 06

2002. 11

2016. 12

2018. 11

2018. 12

2020. 02

2020. 08

2021. 03

Launch of GEO-
KOMPSAT-2A
(CHEOLLIAN-2A)

Success in automatic
transition flight
of QTP-UAV

Launch of test launch
vehicle (NURI TLV)

KARI designated as national
organization for space
development in Korea

Launch of GEO-
KOMPSAT-2B
(CHEOLLIAN-2B)

Successful 53 straight hour flight of
stratosphere solar-powered unmanned
Electrical Aerial Vehicle-3 (EAV-3)

Launch of
CAS 500-1

The 1st launch of
KSLV-I (NURI)

The 2nd launch of
KSLV-I (NURI)

Launch of KPLO
(Danuri)

The 3rd launch of
KSLV-I (NURI)

2021. 10

2018. 12

1989. 10

1992. 10

1993. 04

1993. 06/09

1993. 09

1996. 11

1997. 03

1998. 06

1990. 12

Building Completing Ceremony

Ground-breaking ceremony for
the building of the institute

Development of experimental
aircraft

Launch of single-stage
sounding rocket (KSR-I)

Development of EXPO
unmanned airship

Incorporation of KARI

Development of twin-engine
composite aircraft

Launch of two-stage sounding
rocket (KSR-II)

Establishment of KARI under
Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM)

Launch of the Second KASS Satel ite

ORGANIZATIONAL

CHART

About KARI

Annual Report 2024

President

Future Innovation

Research Center

National Satel ite Operation

& Application Center

Launch Vehicle R&D

Directorate

Strategy & Planning

Directorate

Auditing Division

KARI

Academy

Lunar Exploration

Program Office

Quality

Management Office

PR Office

International

Cooperation Office

External Relations &

Cooperation Office

KARI Innovation Advisory Group

Vice

President

Safety, Health

& Security Office

IT & Information

Security Office

Overseas

Contracts Office

Technology

Commercialization Office

6 Directorates
3 Centers
3 Program Office
2 Research Center
1 Division
1 Academy
9 Offices

●
●
●
●
●
●
●

NARO Space

Center

KPS R&D

Directorate

Unmanned Vehicle

Advanced Research Center

SBASProgram

Office

Space Pioneer

Program Office

Stratosphere Drone

Tech. Research Center

Management

Support Directorate

Satel ite Research

Directorate

Aeronautics Research

Directorate

Unmanned Operation

S-Band Down/Uplink

X-Band Downlink

Neustrelitz

Antarctic

About KARI

FACILITIES

Site area (m2) : 5,374,686
Facility area (m2) : 83,232
- KSLV Launch Site
- Mission Operation Center
- Tracking Radar

NARO Space center

Site area (m2) : 1,025,445
Facility area (m2) : 8,021
- Aircraft Test Center
- Helicopter Whirl Tower Test Facility

National Aviation Test Center

35 M Antenna / 750 ton
- S-Band up/downlink, X-Band downlink

Korea Deep Space Antenna

Site area(m2) : 61,166
Facility area(m2) : 4,408
- Operation of LEO satel ites

Jeju National Satel ite
Operation Center

Site area(m2) : 114,811
Facility area(m2) : 2,031

Jeju Tracking Station

Site area (m2) : 317,942
Facility area (m2) : 111,603
- Satel ite Test Center
- Ground Combustion Test Center
- Satel ite Ground station
- Ful -Scale Airframe Static Test Facility
- Rotary Wing Aircraft Test Center
- Wind Tunnel Test Center

KARI HQ

Svalvard Island

Palau Tracking Station

Micronesia

Annual Report 2024

Appendix

APPENDIX

Internationally Registered Patents in 2024

SAFETY DEVICE AND CRASH PREVENTING DRONE COMPRISING SAME

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

A drone according to an embodiment may comprise: a support table; a main
unit spaced from the support table and formed above the support table; a
connecting portion for connecting the main unit and the support table; and
a propulsion unit provided on the outer side of the support table so as to
generate thrust. The main unit may have a through-hole formed therein, a
parachute may be provided inside the through-hole, and, during a fal , the
parachute may be discharged out of the through-hole by deformation of the
connecting portion.

PCT(EU)

(DE,FR,IT)

2024-02-21

EP3342715

DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING FLOW RATE OF INFUSION SOLUTION

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

An infusion flow regulator includes: a main body having an inlet through
which fluid is introduced and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged;
and a rotary dial rotatably coupled to the main body, with a sealing member
interposed therebetween, so as to regulate a flow rate of the fluid, in which
the rotary dial includes a regulating flow path having a shape of a recessed
groove in cross section with a first width and a first height, and the regulating
flow path includes a first region in which the first width is constant and the
first height is decreased, and a second region in which both the first width
and the first height are decreased. By the aforementioned configuration, the
infusion flow regulator for the fluid can accurately regulate the flow rate even
in a region where the flow rate of the fluid is very smal .

PCT(US)

2024-03-05

11,918,781

FLOW RATE CONTROL DEVICE WITH COMPLIANT STRUCTURE

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

The flow rate control device includes a main plate corresponding to an inner
diameter and including a through hole which is formed at the center thereof
and through which a fluid flows, a sub-plate corresponding to a size of the
through hole, disposed in front of the main plate, and applied with a pressure
of the flowing fluid, and an expansion and contraction flow path formed to
connect the through hole and a circumference of the sub-plate to each other
and expanded and contracted by the pressure applied to the sub-plate. The
expansion and contraction flow path includes a plurality of holes which are
formed in a side surface thereof and through which the flow flows, and has a
cross-sectional area changed by the pressure to control a flow rate.

2024-03-12

11,927,974

Annual Report 2024

METHOD AND DEVICE OF CORRECTING SATELLITE IMAGE ACQUISITION POSTURE

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

A method and a correction device for correcting satellite image acquisition
positioning are disclosed. A method for correcting satellite image acquisition
positioning, according to one embodiment of the present invention, can
comprise the steps of: receiving a desired photographing satellite location
(PDesired) of a satel ite and a planned terrestrial photographing time
(TImaging) from a terrestrial-based orbit propagator in response to an image
acquisition command; estimating a predicted satel ite location (Predicted)
where the satellite is located at the planned terrestrial photographing
time (TImaging); calculating a positioning correction angle (dθ) for the
satel ite at the predicted satel ite location (PPredicted) by using the desired
photographing satel ite location (PDesired); and after correcting the
positioning of the satellite according to the positioning correction angle (d9),
performing control so as to acquire an image from the satellite.

PCT(EU)

(DE,FR,IT)

2024-05-08

3878758

ORBIT TRANSITION APPARATUS

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

An orbit transition apparatus that transitions an orbit of a payload in outer space
includes a rotating body, an adapter disposed on a center part of the rotating
body for docking a payload, a launch module disposed outside of the rotating
body for launching the payload, and a thruster for rotating the rotating body. The
launch module may launch the payload to a target orbit.

2024-03-12

US 11,926,441 B2

COMBUSTOR INCLUDING HEAT EXCHANGE STRUCTURE AND ROCKET COMPRISING SAME

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a combustor including a heat exchange structure
and a rocket including the combustor. The combustor according to an
embodiment of the disclosure includes: an inner wal ; an outer jacket
arranged to cover an outer surface of the inner wal ; a plurality of first heat
exchange channels arranged between the inner wall and the outer jacket and
through which a fuel introduced from a fuel tank flows; and a second heat
exchange channel arranged between the inner wall and the outer jacket and
through which a pressurized gas introduced from a pressurized gas tank flows.

PCT(US)

2024-07-02

12,025,077

THRUST CHAMBER INTEGRATED WITH IGNITER OF ROCKET ENGINE USING CRYOGENIC FUEL AND
LIQUID OXYGEN AND ROCKET INCLUDING THE SAME

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

Provided are an igniter-integrated thrust chamber for a rocket engine using a
cryogenic fuel and liquid oxygen and a rocket including the thrust chamber.
The thrust chamber includes a combustion chamber and a mixing head
assembly, which is disposed at one side of the combustion chamber and is
integrated with the combustion chamber.

2024-05-21

US 11,988,174 B2

Appendix

DRONE DOCKING/LANDING SYSTEM

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

A drone docking/landing system includes: a docking portion having a shape
of any one of a polygonal pyramid, a truncated polygonal pyramid, a cone,
and a truncated cone and being capable of docking a drone; and a landing
portion mounted at a lower portion of the drone, having a lower portion
that is open, into which the docking portion is inserted, and having an
empty inner space, wherein the landing portion has a shape of any one of a
polygonal pyramid, a truncated polygonal pyramid, a cone, and a truncated
cone, wherein the shape corresponds to the shape of the docking portion so
that the docking portion is inserted into the landing portion.

2024-08-27

12,071,261

DRONE AND DRONE ANTI-TORQUE COMPENSATION METHOD

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

Provided are a drone and a drone torque compensation method. A drone
according to an example embodiment includes a main body, a propulsor
provided on an outside of the main body and configured to generate thrust,
and a torque compensator configured to compensate for torque of the
main body generated by the propulsor, wherein the torque compensator is
configured to maintain constant a yaw axis angular velocity of the main body
within a predetermined target range through tilting of the propulsor.

2024-09-04

4101758

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING SAR RAW DATA

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

A method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: dividing
SAR raw data into one or more sub-aperture data by a predetermined
number in an azimuth direction; performing a spectral length extension FFT
on the sub-aperture data in the azimuth direction; multiplying the sub-
aperture data by a chirp scaling function; performing a range FFT on the
sub-aperture data; performing range compression, SRC, and a bulk RCMC on
the sub-aperture data; performing an inverse chirp-z transform on the sub-
aperture data in a range direction; multiplying the divided sub-aperture data
by a predetermined first function; performing an IFFT on the sub-aperture
data in the azimuth direction; recombining the sub-aperture data; multiplying
the recombined data by a second function and deramping same; performing
an azimuth FFT on the recombined data; performing an azimuth IFFT on
the recombined data; multiplying the recombined data by a third function
and deramping same; performing the azimuth FFT on the recombined data;
performing azimuth compression by multiplying the recombined data by
a fourth function; performing an azimuth inverse chirp-z transform on the
recombined data; and multiplying the recombined data by a fifth function for
phase preservation.

PCT(US)

2024-09-24

12099114

Annual Report 2024

3D HEAT EXCHANGER HEAT TRANSFER ENCHANCEMENT DEVICE

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

Provided is a heat exchanger heat transfer enhancement device, and
in particular, to a heat exchanger heat transfer enhancement device by
allowing a fluid flowing into a heat exchanger to form a uniform flow field.
A flow distribution device is disposed at an inlet of a pipe through which a
fluid is introduced, and the flow distribution device includes a plurality of
holes formed on a circumferential surface and an end portion to distribute
the fluid to the center and the periphery. Also, a flange is formed at one
end and coupled between the pipe and a diffusion portion. The distributed
fluid passes through a heat exchanger, and here, one or more screens are
disposed to make a flow field of the fluid more uniform.

2024-12-10

12163541

DRONE AND DRONE FALL PREVENTION SYSTEM

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

A drone according to an example embodiment includes a main body; a
propulsion portion provided outside the main body to generate a thrust
force; a first rotation stabilizing portion disposed inside the main body or
on a top surface of the main body to generate an angular velocity with
respect to a yaw axis of the main body; and a control er configured to control
driving of the first rotation stabilizing portion, wherein when the propulsion
portion fails, the control er stabilizes a posture of the main body by driving
the first rotation stabilizing portion, to prevent an occurrence of a tumbling
phenomenon.

PCT(EU)

2024-12-25

12,099,114

METHOD, APPARATUS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR OPTIMIZING DRIVING OF ANTENNA

Country

Date of Patent

Patent Number

Abstract

A method of optimizing driving of an antenna for communication of an
artificial satellite, by controlling a rotation angle of the antenna, according
to an embodiment of the disclosure, includes: receiving a basic profile
indicating a change in a rotation angle of the antenna such that a center line
of the antenna points to a ground station in response to movement of the
artificial satellite; determining a processing section with reference to points
at which a rotation velocity of the antenna, for the basic profile, is zero; and
generating an optimization profile that determines the change in the rotation
angle of the antenna by configuring the rotation velocity of the antenna, for
the processing section, with a preset optimized rotation velocity.

PCT(US)

2024-12-31

12,183,983

2024 ANNUAL REPORT
Korea Aerospace Research Institute

Publisher

Korea Aerospace Research Institute
(International Cooperation Office)
www.kari.re.kr

Address

169-84, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 34133, KOREA

Tel

+82-42-860-2114

Fax

+82-42-860-2004

Design by

D&C company 1877-7034